Kids, Germs and Day Care; A Meningitis Vaccine for Africa

A research team looked at data from a large study. That study followed the health of a group of Canadian children for almost their first ten years of life. The families must go to their job and their child in home or kindergarden so this childen meet germs then their life's first year.Some diseases can be prevented by vaccines. For example;  meningococcal A, hepatitis B, chicken pox etc. Also, their old invalidity has been a vaccines for ther. But meningococcal A is different to others. This bacterial form of meningitis can cause brain damage and death.   Last year, an outbreak across sub-Saharan Africa killed more than five thousand people. For example; meningococcal A. This bacterial form of meningitis can cause brain damage and death. Major epidemics strike Africa every seven to fourteen years. Children and young adults are the hardest hit. Health workers launched the new vaccine in Burkina Faso in West Africa. There are twenty-five countries along Africa's so-called meningitis belt from Senegal to Ethiopia. The hope is that people in all twenty-five countries will be protected against the disease by twenty-fifteen.

What You Can Do to Reduce the Risk of Getting Hepatitis

Where is the liver?
The liver is in the upper right part of the stomach.
  What is its job?
The liver helps clean the blood and fight infection. It helps break down and store energy until the body needs it.
 What does hepatitis do?
Hepatitis kill the liver cells. Some kind of hepetitis are very dangerous. Because it can die the patient.
What are antibodies?
Antibodies are special proteins for the body's natural defences. 
 How is Hepatitis A spread? What are the symptoms if someone has hepatitis?
Hepatitis A spreads than water and food. The hepatitis A virus causes high body temperature, pain and weakness. The skin of patient may become yellow.
How can someone prevent and protect from getting Hepatitis?
The people must clean their hands and clean the fruit and vegatables very clearly.
Hepatitis A is found in which countries?
Hepatitis A is found in Africa, Asia, and central and South America.
How many people have Hepatitis B?
The World Health Organization says as many as two billion people are infect with the hepatitis B virus.
How many people die each year from Hepatitis B?
Six hundred thousand people die each year as a result of hepatitis B.
How affective is the Hepatitis B?
How can someone get infected with Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B spreads when blood from an infected person enters the body of another person. An infected mother can infect her baby. The virus can also spread through sexual activity, and if people share injection devices.
Blood products from an infected person can spread hepatitis B. People also can get infected if they share personal-care products that might have blood on them. Some examples are toothbrushes and sharp hair-cutting instruments.
Who is most likely to develop a life-long infection with Hepatitis B?
The babies, children and liver patient aer in risk.
How does Hepatitis C spread?
Those especially at risk include persons who inject themselves with drugs and those who received blood or blood products before nineteen ninety.
About how many people have Hepatitis C?
The World Health Organization says about one hundred seventy million people are infected with hepatitis C.
Where are the highest rates of infection?
The WHO says the highest rates of infection are in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America.
When was the virus first observed?
 The hepatitis C virus was first observed in nineteen seventy-four. 
When was it recognized as a virus?
It was not officially recognized as a new kind of hepatitis until nineteen eighty-nine.
How many Americans have Hepatitis C? 
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says about three million Americans are infected with hepatitis C.

How do you get Hepatitis D? What’s the best way to prevent it?
 Hepatitis D is spread through blood. Doctors say the best way to prevent hepatitis D is to get vaccine that protects against hepatitis B.
How do you get Hepatitis E?  When was it recognized as a separate disease?
Cases often result from polluted drinking water. Medical science recognized hepatitis E as a separate disease in nineteen eighty. Hepatitis E is also found in animal waste. Studies have shown that the virus can infect many kinds of animals.
Where has this type of Hepatitis been found? Is there a vaccine?
Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, G found and Hepatitis A, B and D have vaccine.
When was Hepatitis G discovered?
Scientists discovered yet another kind of hepatitis in the nineteen nineties.
Can Hepatitis be cured?
Hepatitis cannot be cured. The only way to protect against infection is to receive vaccines against hepatitis A and B, and to avoid contact with the other viruses. And that may be difficult.
What are some basic ways you can protect yourselves from Hepatitis?
These include always washing your hands with soap and water after using the restroom and before preparing or eating food.Experts say travelers should not drink water of unknown quality when visiting foreign or unknown areas. They also should avoid eating uncooked fruits and vegetables
Should people with Hepatitis donate their organs? Why? 
They also should not agree to leave their organs to others after they die. Donated organs can also spread hepatitis.

Prevention, Treatment Efforts Have 'Broken' the Direction of AIDS

What day is World AIDS Day?
World AIDS day is wednesday of december.
Are the number of Aids-related deaths increasing or decreasing? Why?
The AIDS increase is prevent by the experts. The experts apply to the treatment of drug for people who live with HIV.
The latest UNAIDS report says new HIV infections have fallen almost twenty percent in the last ten years.
Which populations are most at risk?
The sex workers, drug users and homosexual men have most of risk.
AIDS was in Africa and south of the Sahara but those countrise have made progress. 
In other news, how many non-smokers have died as a result of second hand smoke?
Non-smokers have died because they are passive smoking and the second hand smoke has a lot of toxicant.

Raising Hope

This week I didn't like to my book and it was veey boring, so I will tell something about my favorite television series which name is Raising Hope. It is a American comedy series.  A young man has a baby but this baby's mother is a prisoner, so the baby lives with her dad. The young man knows nothing about to bring up the baby and he lives with his family and grandmother who is crazy. So the baby live into the danger.

More Study

This weekdays was very difficult and my English lessons was very difficult,too. We were two exams for English lesson and they were very hard. My marks get down. So I think I must study more English than once. I start a new story book but I don't like it. I will search a new book for next week. 

Istiklal

I love Istiklal because the heart of Istanbul is in there. On thursday, I was in Taksim and I thought I miss to walk in here.
Istiklal is in Beyoglu and it is a big street. This street is most popular all Turkey's citys. It's name was grand street on Ottomon Empire. A lot of historical built is in there. Galatasaray Highschool, Aga Cami, Saint Antoine Church is in. If you want to do shopping, you can go to Istiklal, a lot of shopping centres are in there and a lot of passages are in there. I think İf Istiklal doesn't be Istanbul, I can't want to travel.

I and my friend went to Ortakoy which is village of Besiktas. A lot of baked patato and waffle sellers are in there and you can see jewellery stands. Ortakoy has like since Ottoman Empire. The Sultans and the members of the dynasty wandered in Ortakoy by reign boat. The palaces and the mosques were built by the Sultans for example Cıragan Place. You can see the 3 major religion's temple, the mosques, the church and the synagogue. Ortaköy is a cultere centre with the cafes, pubs and retaurants. The traffic is very crowded in there but you can see a lot of Harley Davidson Motorcycle.